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Retraction Note: Investigating the association of informal digital learning of English with EFL learners’ intercultural competence and willingness to communicate: a SEM study
BMC Psychology volume 13, Article number: 508 (2025)
The Original Article was published on 06 October 2023
BMC Psychology (2023) 11:314
The editor and the publisher have retracted this article. The article was submitted to be part of a guest-edited issue. An investigation by the publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised editorial handling and peer review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references or not being in scope of the journal or guest-edited issue. Based on the investigation’s findings the editor therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article.
Author Afsheen Rezai disagrees with this retraction.
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Rezai, A. Retraction Note: Investigating the association of informal digital learning of English with EFL learners’ intercultural competence and willingness to communicate: a SEM study. BMC Psychol 13, 508 (2025). https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1186/s40359-025-02870-2
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DOI: https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1186/s40359-025-02870-2