Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants (N = 737)
Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
Demographics | |
 Age, mean (SD), years | 20.3 (1.7) |
Gender, n (%) | |
 Female | 488 (66.2) |
 Male | 249 (33.8) |
Academic year, n (%) | |
 First year | 243 (33.0) |
 Second year | 258 (35.0) |
 Third year | 189 (25.6) |
 Fourth year | 47 (6.4) |
Monthly family income (CNY), n (%) | |
  < 3000 | 118 (16.0) |
 3000–6000 | 276 (37.4) |
 6001–10000 | 224 (30.4) |
  > 10,000 | 119 (16.1) |
Residential arrangement, n (%) | |
 University dormitory | 619 (84.0) |
 Off-campus housing | 93 (12.6) |
 With family | 25 (3.4) |
Clinical Measures | |
 BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 24.1 (3.9) |
BMI category, n (%) | |
 Underweight (< 18.5) | 70 (9.5) |
 Normal weight (18.5–23.9) | 257 (34.9) |
 Overweight (24.0–27.9) | 304 (41.2) |
 Obese (≥ 28.0) | 106 (14.4) |
 PHQ-9 score, mean (SD) | 7.9 (5.3) |
Depression severity, n (%) | |
 Minimal (0–4) | 261 (35.4) |
 Mild (5–9) | 231 (31.3) |
 Moderate (10–14) | 157 (21.3) |
 Moderately severe (15–19) | 69 (9.4) |
 Severe (≥ 20) | 19 (2.6) |
 GAD-7 score, mean (SD) | 6.3 (4.7) |
Technology Use | |
 Total daily usage, mean (SD), hours | 7.8 (2.6) |
 Essential usage, mean (SD), hours | 3.1 (1.8) |
 Non-essential usage, mean (SD), hours | 4.7 (2.2) |
Night-time use (after intended bedtime), n (%) | |
 Never/rarely | 109 (14.8) |
 Sometimes | 231 (31.3) |
 Often/always | 397 (53.9) |
 Social-comparison-motivated use, mean (SD)* | 3.1 (1.1) |
 Escapism-motivated use, mean (SD)* | 3.4 (1.0) |
 Problematic use (SAS-SV), mean (SD) | 32.6 (9.7) |