Table 2 PHQ-9 and WHO-5 with all the independent variables

Age

0.112

0.708

 Under 20 years old

290

7.6793

6.39722

387.83

290

13.92

5.646

355.27

 21 to 25 years old

419

6.6468

6.35921

348.93

419

14.31

5.871

372.72

 26 to 30 years old

12

7.7500

7.54532

381.21

12

13.58

5.351

348.04

 Over 31 years old

8

6.2500

5.57418

355.00

8

13.50

4.781

338.75

Gender

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Male

280

5.6357

6.02707

280

15.51

5.593

 Female

449

7.9666

6.46013

449

13.28

5.698

 Marital status

0.904

0.472

 Single

724

7.0704

6.39409

364.92

724

14.15

5.763

364.55

 Married

5

7.2

7.22496

376.30

5

11.40

4.336

430.60

Location

0.458

0.410

 Beirut

152

6.5921

5.88562

152

14.73

5.729

 South

83

7.1205

6.57860

83

13.28

5.354

 Mount Lebanon

332

6.8916

6.51888

332

14.22

5.895

 Bekaa

62

7.9677

6.38638

62

13.79

5.338

 North

100

7.8000

6.57974

100

13.87

5.903

Highest educational level

0.001

0.002

 Less than a high school diploma

31

10.5806

6.77630

31

12.65

6.248

 High school diploma or equivalent degree

121

6.7851

6.15928

121

14.14

5.473

 Some college credit, no degree

199

7.7789

6.46915

199

13.27

5.443

 Bachelor’s degree

256

7.0664

6.41991

256

14.32

5.931

 Master’s degree

70

5.7143

6.02204

70

14.61

5.998

 Doctorate degree

52

4.7885

5.68568

52

16.79

5.300

Do you work?

0.137

0.413

 Yes

125

6.2960

6.40819

125

14.52

6.281

 No

604

7.2318

6.38530

604

14.06

5.645

Monthly income

0.530

0.128

 Less than 1 000 000 L.L.

21

7.6190

6.11127

389.98

21

13.62

6.136

357.02

 1 000 000 L.L. – 2 000 000 L.L.

57

8.1579

6.38858

404.84

57

12.65

6.388

308.82

 2 000 000 L.L. – 3 000 000 L.L.

90

6.8111

5.90923

364.15

90

13.48

5.724

337.72

 3 000 000 L.L. – 4 000 000 L.L.

86

7.5698

6.66782

381.63

86

13.70

5.607

352.47

 4 000 000 L.L. – 5 000 000 L.L.

109

7.0367

6.16280

367.53

109

14.34

5.898

368.86

 More than 5 000 000 L.L.

366

6.8279

6.54262

352.91

366

14.60

5.607

382.71

Number of people at home

0.425

0.346

 1

3

4.3333

5.13160

283.83

3

18.67

4.163

544.50

 2

14

8.0000

6.98350

393.21

14

13.07

6.133

318.61

 3

62

7.0323

5.79985

372.50

62

14.69

5.443

375.73

 4

197

6.6802

6.60738

347.35

197

14.20

5.838

368.53

 5

259

7.6641

6.56446

384.35

259

13.65

6.044

348.86

 More than 5

194

6.6649

6.09392

353.91

194

14.54

5.339

380.11

Severity of acne

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Mild

403

5.9677

5.91620

327.80

403

15.03

5.815

399.88

 Moderate

256

7.8828

6.13715

399.29

256

13.42

5.265

333.41

 Severe

60

10.0667

8.01453

445.11

60

12.07

5.949

293.02

 Very severe

10

12.8000

9.29516

505.85

10

8.90

6.624

200.10

Physical health

Other skin disease

0.765

0.829

 Yes

94

7.2553

5.80125

94

14.26

5.902

 No

635

7.0441

6.48156

635

14.12

5.740

 Hematological disease

0.118

0.570

 Yes

15

9.4

6.25414

448.63

15

13.13

5.927

336.27

 No

714

7.0224

6.39267

363.24

714

14.16

5.756

365.60

Cancer and neoplasms

0.274

0.606

 Yes

2

11.5

6.36396

527.00

2

19.00

4.243

556.00

 No

727

7.0591

6.39478

364.55

727

14.12

5.757

364.47

 Cardiovascular disease

0.186

0.051

 Yes

8

12.25

10.62006

462.38

8

10.50

6.803

239.50

 No

721

7.0139

6.32037

363.92

721

14.18

5.737

366.39

Congenital disorder

0.057

0.034

 Yes

6

14.3333

10.40513

527.25

6

8.17

4.262

147.92

 No

723

7.0111

6.32761

363.65

723

14.19

5.744

366.80

Ear disease

0.745

0.794

 Yes

6

5.8333

5.03653

337.33

6

12.83

4.875

309.00

 No

723

7.0816

6.40639

365.23

723

14.15

5.765

365.46

Eye disease

0.198

0.177

 Yes

52

8.1731

6.54912

52

13.10

5.524

 No

677

6.9867

6.37962

677

14.22

5.771

Infectious disease

0.118

0.039

 Yes

13

11.0769

9.17843

455.15

13

10.69

6.933

259.62

 No

716

6.9986

6.31847

363.36

716

14.20

5.720

366.91

Inflammatory and immune disease

0.048

0.133

 Yes

23

9.9565

7.41300

450.07

23

11.39

5.417

267.89

 No

706

6.9773

6.34266

362.23

706

14.23

5.749

368.16

Injurial and accidental disease

0.547

0.914

 Yes

12

8.0000

6.64694

401.13

12

15.25

5.065

400.96

 No

717

7.0558

6.39393

364.40

717

14.12

5.769

364.40

Metabolic and endocrine disease

0.018

0.005

 Yes

28

10.75

8.55312

456.70

28

10.79

6.286

246.77

 No

701

6.9244

6.25631

361.34

701

14.27

5.699

369.72

Musculoskeletal disease

0.574

0.321

 Yes

8

5.5

4.34248

323.56

8

16.50

4.598

442.19

 No

721

7.0888

6.41356

365.46

721

14.11

5.766

364.14

Neurological disease

0.611

0.515

 Yes

6

9.1667

8.65833

408.33

6

16.00

4.147

429.00

 No

723

7.0539

6.37765

364.64

723

14.12

5.768

364.47

Oral and gastrointestinal disease

0.324

0.495

 Yes

30

8.2

7.05838

30

13.43

5.594

 No

699

7.0229

6.36561

699

14.17

5.766

Renal and urogenital disease

0.925

0.472

 Yes

5

7.2

6.97854

373.80

5

11.60

6.066

271.40

 No

724

7.0704

6.39560

364.94

724

14.15

5.755

365.65

Reproductive health and childbirth disease

0.002

< 0.001

 Yes

24

12.2917

8.66517

497.00

24

8.04

5.433

161.58

 No

705

6.8936

6.23464

360.51

705

14.34

5.657

371.92

Respiratory disease

0.128

0.939

 Yes

33

8.7273

7.44258

33

14.06

5.739

 No

696

6.9928

6.33603

696

14.14

5.762

Stroke

0.078

0.540

 Yes

3

13

5.29150

578.00

3

14.67

8.083

395.00

 No

726

7.0468

6.39034

364.12

726

14.13

5.753

364.88

Not relevant

< 0.001

0.009

 Yes

438

6.3402

6.03921

438

14.59

5.744

 No

291

8.1718

6.75773

291

13.46

5.720

Do you eat regularly?

Sweets

0.220

0.529

 Yes

573

6.9197

6.32404

573

14.21

5.673

 No

156

7.6282

6.63832

156

13.88

6.069

Fruits and/or vegetables

0.104

< 0.001

 Yes

596

6.8893

6.41043

596

14.61

5.672

 No

133

7.8872

6.28207

133

12.02

5.682

Meat and/or fish

0.005

< 0.001

 Yes

626

6.8035

6.29677

626

14.52

5.739

 No

103

8.6990

6.76617

103

11.83

5.337

Cereals

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Yes

399

6.2080

5.97266

399

14.87

5.794

 No

330

8.1152

6.73277

330

13.24

5.592

Low-fat products

0.845

0.013

 Yes

377

7.0265

6.59137

377

14.65

5.977

 No

352

7.1193

6.18586

352

13.59

5.467

Do you exercise regularly?

0.012

< 0.001

 Never

181

8.2652

7.01873

181

12.40

5.745

 Few days

394

6.7970

6.07706

394

14.37

5.529

 More than half the days

102

6.9020

6.36903

102

15.40

5.490

 Nearly every day

52

5.3269

6.00889

52

15.94

6.614

Coping strategies

Identifying yourself with other role models who prioritize their quality of life

0.116

0.077

 Strongly disagree

132

7.7879

7.06030

380.36

132

14.48

6.161

378.01

 Disagree

125

7.9040

6.14925

400.29

125

13.54

5.513

345.94

 Neutral

245

6.8449

6.15314

360.95

245

13.58

5.475

342.20

 Agree

186

6.2204

5.88813

339.12

186

14.99

5.183

394.95

 Strongly agree

41

7.4390

8.04689

349.59

41

14.29

8.412

381.59

Respecting my physical limits, avoiding spending many hours without sleeping

< 0.001

0.006

 Strongly disagree

59

9.6780

8.14193

426.08

59

12.73

6.992

321.62

 Disagree

87

9.4598

6.53933

448.21

87

12.62

5.416

310.75

 Neutral

153

7.2092

6.64084

366.14

153

14.32

5.865

373.77

 Agree

299

6.2742

5.50153

346.39

299

14.27

5.251

365.40

Strongly agree

131

5.9695

6.36932

323.38

131

15.25

6.097

409.42

Cooking

0.457

0.212

 Strongly disagree

94

7.6064

7.29150

94

13.50

5.891

 Disagree

116

7.8190

6.46408

116

13.35

5.553

 Neutral

237

7.0253

6.32450

237

14.19

5.670

 Agree

205

6.6049

5.89075

205

14.77

5.489

 Strongly agree

77

6.6753

6.64007

77

14.25

6.716

Eating well

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Strongly disagree

47

10.3617

8.04181

452.76

47

13.57

6.603

351.70

 Disagree

67

9.8358

6.78813

456.49

67

12.30

6.358

301.35

 Neutral

161

7.7329

6.55339

386.80

161

12.75

5.746

315.60

 Agree

326

6.3681

5.66550

348.09

326

14.68

5.216

382.00

 Strongly agree

128

5.3750

6.16569

300.54

128

15.66

5.873

422.02

Reading non-medical literature/novels, etc.

0.048

0.203

 Strongly disagree

83

7.8675

6.98216

83

13.75

6.286

 Disagree

110

8.3818

6.78907

110

13.48

5.766

 Neutral

239

6.5481

5.93848

239

14.74

5.566

 Agree

210

6.4952

6.24557

210

14.26

5.620

 Strongly agree

87

7.4828

6.65576

87

13.39

5.995

Listening to music, etc.

0.071

0.282

 Strongly disagree

39

6.8205

6.39025

39

14.67

5.953

 Disagree

54

7.5185

6.61542

54

15.33

5.252

 Neutral

107

7.1495

6.72759

107

13.53

6.041

 Agree

292

6.3082

5.92631

292

14.34

5.604

 Strongly agree

237

7.9156

6.67855

237

13.79

5.874

Watching television for movies/dramas/sports/religious, etc.

0.048

0.786

 Strongly disagree

44

7.1818

6.73164

44

15.02

6.193

 Disagree

54

8.8704

7.14551

54

13.85

5.705

 Neutral

124

6.6613

6.03767

124

14.44

5.723

 Agree

307

6.4756

6.03166

307

14.01

5.355

 Strongly agree

200

7.7300

6.76431

200

14.03

6.298

Social networking – Facebook, Instagram, Twitter

0.389

0.964

 Strongly disagree

50

7.8400

7.57644

378.09

50

14.28

6.121

368.74

 Disagree

90

6.7889

5.46181

369.22

90

14.52

4.805

377.37

 Neutral

144

7.3611

7.10029

363.87

144

14.06

6.005

368.66

 Agree

284

6.4296

5.82234

348.36

284

14.15

5.522

362.55

 Strongly agree

161

7.8634

6.72263

388.94

161

13.91

6.338

357.98

Taking solace in offering prayers

0.121

0.898

 Strongly disagree

78

8.0513

7.52985

383.71

78

14.06

6.692

370.43

 Disagree

77

8.2987

6.58360

407.83

77

13.90

5.276

357.47

 Neutral

211

7.2938

6.64608

369.64

211

14.30

5.690

371.55

 Agree

240

6.1750

5.65562

340.26

240

14.35

5.348

367.88

 Strongly agree

123

7.0488

6.26839

366.63

123

13.63

6.324

349.41

Participating/playing indoor sports

< 0.001

0.008

 Strongly disagree

97

9.6804

7.94453

430.64

97

13.00

6.750

325.08

 Disagree

99

8.0303

5.90305

408.64

99

13.13

5.162

323.17

 Neutral

204

6.9902

6.35795

362.78

204

13.94

5.686

358.35

 Agree

226

5.7655

5.53236

325.04

226

14.95

5.347

392.95

 Strongly agree

103

6.7184

6.30191

353.33

103

14.79

6.040

394.65

Sleeping

0.002

0.327

 Strongly disagree

34

7.8529

7.02434

384.13

34

14.74

6.676

388.59

 Disagree

63

8.0317

6.27326

402.57

63

14.13

5.615

369.80

 Neutral

132

7.2879

6.26578

376.03

132

13.62

5.798

345.98

 Agree

323

5.9319

5.66577

330.39

323

14.58

5.268

379.88

 Strongly agree

177

8.4972

7.29112

402.88

177

13.59

6.395

345.80

Listening to religious videos

0.086

0.545

 Strongly disagree

117

8.0598

7.19230

117

13.57

6.273

 Disagree

99

8.1717

6.37764

99

13.84

5.074

 Neutral

231

6.5931

6.11902

231

14.39

5.551

 Agree

196

6.6531

6.11027

196

14.51

5.880

 Strongly agree

86

6.6977

6.46815

86

13.72

6.048

Doing mundane house chores like cleaning, washing, etc.

0.989

0.321

 Strongly disagree

119

7.5714

7.30982

369.57

119

14.16

6.427

370.30

 Disagree

118

6.7966

5.80827

363.25

118

14.53

5.210

379.65

 Neutral

245

6.8776

6.24839

360.56

245

13.56

5.802

341.76

 Agree

195

6.9385

5.95744

366.07

195

14.62

5.253

379.61

 Strongly agree

52

7.9615

7.68488

375.42

52

14.12

6.810

374.33

Clearing/finishing my piled-up work

0.050

0.086

 Strongly disagree

74

8.3514

7.94576

385.36

74

13.45

6.439

344.60

 Disagree

86

8.2907

6.33917

409.70

86

13.55

5.637

344.67

 Neutral

210

7.3857

6.43843

377.46

210

13.53

5.612

341.98

 Agree

268

6.2985

5.67672

344.78

268

14.85

5.334

388.01

 Strongly agree

91

6.4286

6.67357

337.00

91

14.56

6.605

386.16

Participating in online courses

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Strongly disagree

106

10.1226

7.99846

443.01

106

12.13

6.428

293.06

 Disagree

129

7.6434

5.90921

395.10

129

13.50

5.470

337.73

 Neutral

247

6.5506

6.19438

348.64

247

14.52

5.387

379.20

 Agree

183

6.1038

5.72493

335.85

183

15.17

5.412

403.30

 Strongly agree

64

5.6406

5.31356

321.61

64

14.30

6.640

374.82

Taking up a new hobby: gardening, landscaping, etc.

0.006

0.046

 Strongly disagree

97

8.1134

7.24982

390.16

97

13.21

6.469

331.97

 Disagree

140

8.3071

6.13270

414.66

140

13.74

5.347

348.18

 Neutral

230

6.8783

6.50314

355.55

230

13.87

5.516

355.09

 Agree

198

5.9495

5.58347

333.10

198

15.10

5.566

400.49

 Strongly agree

64

6.9531

7.00437

350.88

64

14.38

6.615

377.67

Watching television for news exclusively

0.007

0.039

 Strongly disagree

216

8.0833

7.06333

392.51

216

13.53

5.916

341.54

 Disagree

176

7.4034

5.63882

389.20

176

13.94

4.922

353.07

 Neutral

190

6.5474

6.37168

345.32

190

14.17

5.812

368.24

 Agree

106

5.6132

5.40118

320.06

106

15.49

5.774

414.25

 Strongly agree

41

6.5122

7.43344

323.57

41

14.54

7.396

397.45