Table 3 Multivariate analysis for the effects of sociodemographic factors, work positions, countries, and five COVID-19-related domains on anxiety and depression

Knowledge (K)

 Q1 (K < 3.66)

ref

ref

ref

 Q2 (3.66 ≦ K < 3.88)

0.93

[0.48, 1.81]

0.61

[0.39, 0.96]*

1.27

[0.85, 1.89]

 Q3 (3.88 ≦ K < 4.22)

0.99

[0.53, 1.84]

0.56

[0.36, 0.85]†

1.40

[0.93, 2.11]

 Q4 (K ≧ 4.22)

0.81

[0.19, 3.47]

0.43

[0.28, 0.67]†

1.38

[0.91, 2.11]

Attitudes (A)

 Q1 (A < 3.83)

ref

ref

ref

 Q2 (3.83 ≦ A < 4.16)

1.34

[0.75, 2.37]

0.77

[0.52, 1.13]

0.70

[0.48, 1.02]

 Q3 (4.16 ≦ A < 4.5)

1.07

[0.50, 2.30]

0.42

[0.28, 0.62]†

0.68

[0.45, 1.01]

 Q4 (A ≧ 4.5)

1.27

[0.55, 2.95]

0.39

[0.25, 0.59]†

0.65

[0.43, 0.98]*

Practices (P)

 Q1 (P < 3.7)

ref

ref

ref

 Q2 (3.7 ≦ P < 4.1)

1.14

[0.55, 2.37]

0.98

[0.70, 1.37]

0.82

[0.56, 1.22]

 Q3 (4.1 ≦ P < 4.5)

0.70

[0.33, 1.50]

0.83

[0.58, 1.17]

0.91

[0.63, 1.30]

 Q4 (P ≧ 4.5)

0.50

[0.23, 1.11]

1.16

[0.81, 1.66]

0.98

[0.66, 1.46]

Working conditions (W)

 Q1 (W < 3.5)

ref

ref

ref

 Q2 (3.5 ≦ W < 3.9)

2.96

[1.52, 5.78]†

1.06

[0.69, 1.64]

1.14

[0.83, 1.57]

 Q3 (3.9 ≦ W < 4.3)

2.42

[1.21, 4.87]*

0.74

[0.49, 1.12]

1.02

[0.72, 1.45]

 Q4 (W ≧ 4.3)

2.94

[1.44, 5.99]†

0.72

[0.47, 1.20]

1.12

[0.73, 1.70]

Changes in work and daily routines (C)

 Q1 (C < 2.3)

ref

ref

ref

 Q2 (2.3 ≦ C < 3.0)

1.72

[0.57, 5.23]

1.81

[1.31, 2.49]†

2.91

[1.87, 4.53]†

 Q3 (3.0 ≦ C < 3.5)

2.74

[0.97, 7.75]

3.31

[2.36, 4.65]†

3.50

[2.24, 5.47]†

 Q4 (C ≧ 3.5)

3.64

[1.41, 9.45]†

4.13

[2.96, 5.75]†

5.14

[3.18, 8.31]†

Sex

 Male

ref

ref

ref

 Female

0.83

[0.48, 1.45]

0.98

[0.70, 1.37]

1.06

[0.80, 1.42]

Age group (years)

 20–29

ref

ref

ref

 30–39

0.49

[0.29, 0.84]†

0.98

[0.75, 1.29]

0.80

[0.59, 1.08]

 40–49

0.28

[0.14, 0.55]†

0.92

[0.65, 1.30]

1.35

[0.89, 2.05]

 > 50

0.35

[0.11, 1.12]

0.67

[0.37, 1.22]

1.26

[0.64, 2.47]

Education level

 Below bachelor’s degree

ref

ref

ref

 Bachelor’s degree

0.91

[0.46, 1.81]

0.91

[0.69, 1.21]

1.20

[0.88, 1.62]

 Postgraduate degree

1.87

[0.95, 3.68]

0.63

[0.40, 0.98]*

0.84

[0.48, 1.48]

Clinical position

 Physician

ref

ref

ref

 Nurse

1.47

[0.47, 4.54]

1.45

[0.95, 2.20]

0.81

[0.55, 1.19]

 Paramedic

2.19

[0.65, 7.34]

0.79

[0.53, 1.18]

0.64

[0.42, 0.96]

Managerial position

 No

ref

ref

ref

 Yes

0.72

[0.27, 1.92]

1.43

[0.87, 2.33]

0.84

[0.51, 1.37]

Teaching position

 No

ref

ref

ref

 Yes

0.91

[0.22, 3.70]

0.99

[0.74, 1.32]

1.18

[0.79, 1.78]