The relationship of fear of pain, pain anxiety, and fear-avoidance beliefs with perceived stress in surgical patients with postoperative kinesiophobia

Table 4 The Mediation Model via Baron & Kenny (1986)

Path analysis	Beta	p -value
Step 1: Predictors are related to outcome
Fear of Avoidance Beliefs → Kinesiophobia	0.372	0.001
Fear of Pain → Kinesiophobia	0.035	0.36
Pain Anxiety → Kinesiophobia	0.510	0.001
Step 2: Predictors are related to mediator
Fear of Avoidance Beliefs → Perceived Stress	0.173	0.001
Fear of Pain → Perceived Stress	0.204	0.001
Pain Anxiety → Perceived Stress	0.467	0.001
Step 3: Mediator is related to the outcome
Perceived Stress → Kinesiophobia	0.720	0.001
Step 4: Full Model with unique effects
Fear of Avoidance Beliefs → Perceived Stress	0.173	0.001
Fear of Pain → Perceived Stress	0.204	0.001
Pain Anxiety → Perceived Stress	0.467	0.001
Perceived Stress → Kinesiophobia	0.216	0.001
Fear of Avoidance Beliefs → Kinesiophobia (contr. for stress)	0.335	0.001
Fear of Pain → Kinesiophobia (contr. for stress)	0.007	0.85
Pain Anxiety → Kinesiophobia (contr. for stress)	0.409	0.001

Note: The level of significance for all statistical analyses was set at p < 0.05

ISSN: 2050-7283