The influence of positive parenting and positive teacher-student relationships on learning engagement of Korean middle school students-the mediating role of grit

Table 1 Discriminant validity

Models	△χ²	△df	χ²/df	CFI	GFI	TLI	RMSEA
Four-factor model: PP, PTR, GR, LE PT, GR, LE	-	-	12.73	0.955	0.957	0.941	0.067
Three-factor model: PP, PTR + GR, LE	536.79	3	20.77	0.921	0.923	0.900	0.087
Two-factor model: PP + PTR, GR + LE	2933.05	5	57.56	0.766	0.754	0.715	0.148
One-factor model: PP + PTR + GR + LE	5662.12	7	97.17	0.589	0.690	0.515	0.193

* PP: positive parenting, PTR: positive teacher-student relationships, GR: grit, LE: learning engagement.

ISSN: 2050-7283