Table 1 Predictors in 2018 and univariate analysis of their associations with depression in 2020
Variables | Nondepression (n = 2,347) | Depression (n = 1,359) | Test of association |
|---|---|---|---|
N(%) or Mean ± SD | N(%) or Mean ± SD | χ2 or t | |
Demographic variables | |||
Age | 62.65 ± 7.91 | 62.99 ± 7.64 | t = − 1.286 |
Sex | |||
 Male | 949 (72) | 361 (28) | χ2 = 72.459 *** |
 Female | 1398 (58) | 998 (42) |  |
Rural/Urban Community | |||
 Rural | 1883 (61) | 1227 (39) | χ2 = 64.500 *** |
 Urban | 464 (78) | 132 (22) |  |
Marital status | |||
 Single | 252 (54) | 218 (46) | χ2 = 21.865 *** |
 Married | 2095 (65) | 1141 (35) |  |
Education level | |||
 Low | 1350 (57) | 1033 (43) | χ2 = 128.204 *** |
 High | 997 (75) | 326 (25) |  |
Occupation status | |||
 Agricultural work | 1146 (60) | 762 (40) | χ2 = 20.527 *** |
 Nonagricultural work | 444 (65) | 244 (35) |  |
 Retired | 757 (68) | 353 (32) |  |
Medical Insurance | |||
 No | 43 (55) | 35 (45) | χ2 = 2.308 |
 Yes | 2304 (64) | 1324 (36) |  |
Life satisfaction | |||
 Very satisfied | 949 (72) | 360 (28) | χ2 = 234.769 *** |
 Somewhat satisfied | 1297 (64) | 744 (36) |  |
 Not satisfied | 101 (28) | 255 (72) |  |
Self-reported health status | |||
 Good | 706 (75) | 239 (25) | χ2 = 230.808 *** |
 Fair | 1204 (68) | 563 (32) |  |
 Poor | 437 (44) | 557 (56) |  |
Social activities | |||
 Never | 1345 (66) | 692 (34) | χ2 = 18.909 *** |
 Ever | 1002 (60) | 667 (40) |  |
Smoking | |||
 Never | 1970 (62) | 1185 (38) | χ2 = 7.224 ** |
 Ever | 377 (68) | 174 (32) |  |
Drinking | |||
 Never | 1611 (61) | 1037 (39) | χ2 = 24.791 *** |
 Ever | 736 (70) | 322 (30) |  |
Self-rated memory | |||
 Good | 604 (50) | 608 (50) | χ2 = 143.752*** |
 Fair | 1443 (69) | 642 (31) |  |
 Poor | 300 (73) | 109 (27) |  |
Medical service | |||
 No | 340 (54) | 294 (46) | χ2 = 31.001 *** |
 Yes | 2007 (65) | 1065 (35) |  |
Sleep_Duration | 7.07 ± 1.98 | 6.31 ± 2.33 | t = 11.596 *** |
ADL disorder | 23.40 ± 4.92 | 27.81 ± 8.08 | t = − 20.676 *** |
Chronic disease | |||
 No | 1453 (68) | 675 (32) | χ2 = 52.737 *** |
 Yes | 894 (57) | 684 (43) |  |
Disability | |||
 No | 2146 (65) | 1156 (35) | χ2 = 35.993 *** |
 Yes | 201 (50) | 203 (50) |  |