Table 1 Characteristics of the participants
Variables | Intervention Group | Control Group | p |
|---|---|---|---|
a) Demographic Variables | |||
Age (years), Mean (SD) | 27.5 (5.3) | 27.8 (5.0) | 0.534* |
Husband’s age (years), Mean (SD) | 31.6 (5.7) | 32.3 (5.0) | 0.472* |
Education (years), Mean (SD) | 13.9 (3.83) | 13.3 (2.9) | 0.258* |
Education of husband (years), Mean (SD) | 13.5 (3.0) | 13.3 (2.9) | 0.661* |
Occupation, n (%) | |||
Housewife | 55 (70.5) | 65 (85.5) | 0.167† |
Freelance | 4 (5.1) | 2 (2.7) | |
Employee | 14 (18.0) | 7 (9.1) | |
Student | 5 (6.4) | 2 (2.7) | |
Type of residence, n (%) | |||
Private home | 75 (96.2) | 71 (93.4) | 0.718† |
Rental home | 2 (2.6) | 4 (5.3) | |
Parents’ home | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.3) | |
Family income, n (%) | |||
Less than sufficient | 13 (16.7) | 14 (18.4) | 0.177† |
Sufficient | 61 (78.2) | 62 (81.6) | |
More than sufficient | 4 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
b) Previous Pregnancy History | |||
Gravidity, Mean (SD) | (1.1) 1.1 | (1.3) 1.3 | 0.381* |
Parity, Mean (SD) | (0.9) 1.0 | (1.1) 1.1 | 0.230* |
Number of live birth, n (%) | (0.8) 1.0 | (1.1) 1.1 | 0.176* |
History of stillbirth, n (%) | |||
Yes | (5.1) 4 | (3.9) 3 | 0.725†† |
No | (94.9) 74 | (96.1) 73 | |
History of abortion, n (%) | |||
Yes | (20.5) 16 | (15.8) 12 | 0.447** |
No | (79.5) 62 | (84.2) 64 | |
History of infertility, n (%) | |||
Yes | (5.1) 4 | (2.6) 2 | 0.681** |
No | (94.9) 74 | (97.4) 74 | |
History of severe bleeding after delivery, n (%) | |||
Yes | (5.1) 4 | (3.9) 3 | 0.725†† |
No | (94.9) 74 | (96.1) 73 | |
History of postpartum depression, n (%) | |||
Yes | (3.8) 3 | (0.0) 0 | 0.245†† |
No | (96.2) 75 | (100.0) 76 | |
c) Current Pregnancy Details | |||
Desired pregnancy, n (%) | |||
Yes | (79.5) 62 | (84.2) 64 | 0.447** |
No | (20.5) 16 | (15.8) 12 | |
Iron supplement consumption, n (%) | |||
Non-consumption | (2.6) 2 | (5.3) 4 | 0.531† |
Regular | (70.5) 55 | (73.6) 56 | |
Irregular | (26.9) 21 | (21.1) 16 | |
Spontaneous onset of labor pains, n (%) | |||
Yes | (69.2) 54 | (76.3) 58 | 0.324** |
No | (30.8) 24 | (23.7) 18 | |
Method of delivery, n (%) | |||
Without instrument | (100.0) 78 | (94.7) 72 | 0.057** |
With instrument | (0.0) 0 | (5.3) 4 | |
Gestational age (weeks), n (%) | |||
37–38 | (27.0) 21 | (25.0) 19 | 0.082** |
39–40 | (61.5) 48 | (72.4) 55 | |
More than 40 | (11.5) 9 | (2.6) 2 | |
Satisfaction with child’s gender, n (%) | |||
Yes | (97.4) 76 | (98.7) 75 | 0.100†† |
No | (2.6) 2 | (1.3) 1 | |
Hospitalization during pregnancy, n (%) | |||
Yes | (33.3) 26 | (32.9) 25 | 0.954** |
No | (66.7) 52 | (67.1) 51 | |