Table 3 Between-group comparisons of OHQ, SWLS, SCL-90-R, DJGLS and subscales scores
Questionnaires | Groups | Time | Mean Rank | Z* /p | Cohen’s r |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oxford Happiness Questionnaire | IG (n = 40) | Pre-test | 43.24 | -1.06 / 0.285 | - |
|  | CG (n = 40) | Pre-test | 37.76 | ||
|  | IG (n = 40) | Post-test (After 1 week) | 46.20 | -2.2 / 0.027 | r ≈ -0.246 |
|  | CG (n = 40) | Post-test (After 1 week) | 34.80 | ||
|  | IG (n = 40) | Follow-up test (After 1 month) | 46.81 | -2.44 / 0.014 | r ≈ -0.273 |
|  | CG (n = 40) | Follow-up test (After 1 month) | 34.19 | ||
Satisfaction with Life Scale | IG (n = 40) | Pre-test | 41.99 | -0.575 / 0.566 | - |
|  | CG (n = 40) | Pre-test | 39.01 | ||
|  | IG (n = 40) | Post-test (After 1 week) | 45.45 | -1.9 / 0.049 | r ≈ -0.212 |
|  | CG (n = 40) | Post-test (After 1 week) | 35.46 | ||
|  | IG (n = 40) | Follow-up test (After 1 month) | 47.65 | -2.76 / 0.006 | r ≈ -0.309 |
|  | CG (n = 40) | Follow-up test (After 1 month) | 33.35 | ||
Somatisation Subscale | IG (n = 40) | Pre-test | 38.04 | -0.955/ 0.339 | - |
|  | CG (n = 40) | Pre-test | 42.96 | ||
|  | IG (n = 40) | Post-test (After 1 week) | 35.29 | -2.02/ 0.043 | r ≈ -0.226 |
|  | CG (n = 40) | Post-test (After 1 week) | 45.71 | ||
|  | IG (n = 40) | Follow-up test (After 1 month) | 34.00 | -2.5 / 0.012 | r ≈ -0.280 |
|  | CG (n = 40) | Follow-up test (After 1 month) | 47.00 | ||
De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (Total) | IG (n = 40) | Pre-test | 35.16 | -2.06 / 0.059 | - |
|  | CG (n = 40) | Pre-test | 45.84 | ||
|  | IG (n = 40) | Post-test (After 1 week) | 28.61 | -4.5 / 0.0001 | r ≈ -0.503 |
|  | CG (n = 40) | Post-test (After 1 week) | 52.39 | ||
|  | IG (n = 40) | Follow-up test (After 1 month) | 26.73 | -5.3 / 0.0001 | r ≈ -0.593 |
|  | CG (n = 40) | Follow-up test (After 1 month) | 54.28 | ||
Emotional Loneliness Subscale | IG (n = 40) | Pre-test | 36.68 | -1.49 / 0.135 | - |
|  | CG (n = 40) | Pre-test | 44.33 | ||
|  | IG (n = 40) | Post-test (After 1 week) | 31.05 | -3.6 / 0.0001 | r ≈ -0.402 |
|  | IG (n = 40) | Post-test (After 1 week) | 49.95 | ||
|  | CG (n = 40) | Follow-up test (After 1 month) | 29.43 | -4.3 / 0.0001 | r ≈ -0.481 |
|  | IG (n = 40) | Follow-up test (After 1 month) | 51.58 | ||
Social Loneliness Subscale | CG (n = 40) | Pre-test | 36.16 | -1.6 / 0.09 | - |
|  | IG (n = 40) | Pre-test | 44.84 | ||
|  | CG (n = 40) | Post-test (After 1 week) | 29.85 | -4.13 / 0.0001 | r ≈ -0.462 |
|  | IG (n = 40) | Post-test (After 1 week) | 51.15 | ||
|  | CG (n = 40) | Follow-up test (After 1 month) | 28.89 | -4.5 / 0.0001 | r ≈ -0.503 |
|  | IG (n = 40) | Follow-up test (After 1 month) | 52.11 |