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Table 1 Descriptive analysis of demographics, EURO-D, R-UCLA scores, financial distress, as well as health and social network variables in the three waves of the study

From: Exclusionary states in older age and their temporary effects on cognitive decline

 

Wave 4

Wave 6

Wave 8

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Age

60.96

5.87

64.77

5.86

69.46

5.86

Years of education

11.45

4.45

    

SoPa

2.06

2.45

2.112

2.53

2.08

2.48

Episodic memory (aggregated)

10.51

3.24

10.70

3.35

10.19

3.43

 

%

%

%

%

%

%

Gender (male/female)

40.4

59.6

  

Living with partner (yes/no)

71.4

28.6

68.5

31.5

65.2

34.8

Living alone (yes/no)

20.1

79.9

23.1

76.9

27.5

72.5

Depression (yes/no)

21.6

78.1

20.3

79.7

22.2

77.8

Gali (yes/no)

37.3

62.7

38.7

61.3

43.9

56.1

Active in labor (yes/no)

39.2

60.8

26.6

73.4

18.2

81.8

Perceived health

%

%

%

 Excellent

10.4

9.1

7.2

 Very good

25.6

23.3

21.5

 Good

39.8

42.0

42.4

 Fair

19.3

20.7

23.5

 Poor

4.9

4.7

5.3

Financial distress

 

 Easily

35.4

45.6

42.5

 Fairly easily

32.6

28.1

34.2

 With some difficulty

24.3

19.6

18.4

 With great difficulty

7.7

6.7

4.9

ESR states

 

 ESR not lonely

1.7

0.9

0.6

 ESR and lonely

1.0

1.2

0.7

 Neither ESR nor lonely

65.1

62.6

62.5

 Not ESR but lonely

32.2

35.3

36.2

  1. Note. M = mean, SD = standard deviation, R-UCLA = loneliness scale, SoPA = social participation, Gali = limitations due to health, ESR = states of exclusion from social relations, namely coring zero in network size; lonely are those with R-UCLA scores > 3, not lonely those with R-UCLA scores = 3