Table 3 Scales used in this study
Scale | Author (Year) | Item quantity | Scoring |
|---|---|---|---|
Physical exercise | Deqing Liang (1994) | 3 | 5 |
Psychological resilience | Campbell-Sills & Stein(2007) | 10 | 4 |
Self-efficacy | Kangcai Wang (2001) | 10 | 4 |
Scale | Author (Year) | Item quantity | Scoring |
|---|---|---|---|
Physical exercise | Deqing Liang (1994) | 3 | 5 |
Psychological resilience | Campbell-Sills & Stein(2007) | 10 | 4 |
Self-efficacy | Kangcai Wang (2001) | 10 | 4 |