Table 5 Descriptions of breakthrough defensive reasoning event categories
From: From defensive reasoning to innovation: how digital tools foster positive emotions in organizations
Feature | Focal event of breakthrough defensive reasoning | Effect | ||
Event node | Date | Detailed description | ||
Stage 1: Refusal to be honest | Monthly Debriefing Process | April 25, 2018 | Debriefing according to results is changed to a random lottery, showing equal opportunities for everyone Staff enthusiasm is mobilized via team debriefing Persistent problem-seeking behavior is subverted; all staff are guided to rethink and find motivation for results | Defensive reasoning is conquered at the general individual level |
Changes in employees | April 27, 2018 | Members are proactive and team cohesion increases New role model | ||
Stage 2: Leader behavior: a strong desire for control and reluctant to listen to multiple voices Staff behavior: sluggish and superficially submissive | Monthly Competition Process unsuccessful | February 17, 2019 | New mechanism of three reversal chances for death–rebirth Team leader introspection triggers the collective reflection of team members | Defensive reasoning is broken through at the job position level |
Status return visit | March 5, 2019 | The circle structure is broken Concept of cultivating people, developing new talents in collaboration | ||
Cultivation of innovation | June 2, 2019 | Supervisors use the rules and enterprise social media platform to foster the development of members. Intentionally, the status of team members is reversed, innovation is achieved independently, and the new marketing strategy establishes a record | Members are motivated to innovate | |