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Table 5 OLS results for Digit Span

From: Using a social-ecological framework to examine the cognitive development of elementary school children in the U.S.

Variables

B(SE)

b

95% CI

Individual Level

   

Sex (boy)

   

girl

0.42(0.22)

0.07

[-0.02, 0.84]

Race/Ethnicity (White)

   

African American

-0.38 (0.37)

-0.06

[-1.10, 0.34]

Hispanic

-0.34(0.40)

-0.05

[-1.12, 0.45]

Other

-0.62(0.67)

-0.04

[-1.94, 0.70]

 

-0.01(0.02)

-0.02

[-0.05, 0.03]

Family Level

   

Mother’s age

   

Household income

4.51(0.00)

0.00

[0.00, 0.00]

Mother’s marital status (married)

   

separated

-0.06(1.00)

-0.00

[-2.02, 1.90]

divorced

-1.94(1.76)

-0.04

[-5.39, 1.51]

cohabiting

0.35(0.32)

0.06

[-0.27, 0.97]

Romantic not living together

-0.00(0.34)

-0.00

[-0.68, 0.67]

Not romantic

0.37(0.44)

0.04

[-0.27, 1.00]

Mother’s depression (no)

   

Yes

-0.40(0.27)

0.06

[-0.93, 0.13]

Mother’s educational level (less than high school)

   

High school or equivalent

0.38(0.32)

0.05

[-0.25, 1.01]

Some college teaching

0.40(0.28)

0.80

[-0.07, 1.04]

College or graduate

1.20*(0.49)

0.10*

[0.25, 2.15]

Community/Environmental Level

   

School type (public)

   

School with a magnet program

-0.05(0.60)

-0.00

[-1.22, 1.12]

School of choice

-0.11(0.38)

-0.01

[-0.85, 0.62]

School environment with crime (a big problem)

   

Somewhat problem

-0.30(0.26)

-0.05

[-0.82, 0.22]

No problem

0.41(0.30)

0.06

[-0.18, 1.00]

Government assistance (no)

   

Yes

0.40(0.28)

0.06

[-0.15, 0.95]

Constant

10.31***(3.00)

 

[4.45, 16.18]

  1. Note. OLS = ordinary least squares; reference categories are indicated in parentheses. B = unstandardized coefficient, SE = standard error, b = standardized coefficient, CI = 95% confidence interval. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001