Table 5 Results of ANOVA for psychological resilience dimensions and total score (N = 258)

Variable

Items

N

Personal strength

Family cohesion

Mean

SD

F

p

η²

Scheffe

Mean

SD

F

P

η²

Scheffe

Academic ranking

Upper

109

30.05

6.33

4.69

0.01

0.04

Upper > middle

37.70

7.53

0.45

0.64

0.04

Middle

119

28.50

5.91

37.61

7.21

Lower

30

26.26

6.08

36.22

8.22

Religious beliefs

Catholicism & Christianity

35

29.43

6.82

0.60

0.55

0.01

37.20

9.59

3.74

0.03

0.03

Buddhism & Taoism > No beliefs

Buddhism & Taoism

187

29.00

6.16

38.10

6.55

No beliefs

36

27.92

5.73

34.44

8.83

Variable

Items

N

Social resources

Social skills

Mean

SD

F

p

η²

Scheffe

Mean

SD

F

p

η²

Scheffe

Academic ranking

Upper

109

44.59

6.75

3.12

0.04

0.03

Upper > Lower

20.13

4.78

0.56

0.57

0.04

Middle

119

44.19

7.41

19.77

4.71

Lower

30

40.63

9.56

19.04

6.01

Religious beliefs

Catholicism & Christianity

35

43.37

9.08

0.41

0.67

0.01

19.83

5.01

1.26

0.29

0.01

Buddhism & Taoism

187

44.18

7.35

20.07

4.97

No beliefs

36

43.14

6.33

18.67

4.06

Variable

Items

N

Future organizational style

Total psychological resilience score

Mean

SD

F

p

η²

Scheffe

Mean

SD

F

p

η²

Scheffe

Academic ranking

Upper

109

19.40

5.04

3.68

0.03

0.03

Upper > Lower

151.86

23.39

3.33

0.04

0.03

Upper > Lower

Middle

119

19.08

4.48

149.15

23.78

Lower

30

16.63

5.17

138.78

23.69

Religious beliefs

Catholicism & Christianity

35

20.26

5.08

1.51

0.22

0.01

150.09

29.27

1.45

0.24

0.01

Buddhism & Taoism

187

18.75

4.90

150.09

23.65

No beliefs

36

18.64

4.30

142.81

17.82