Table 1 Characteristic of the sample
From: Father involvement and emotion regulation during early childhood: a systematic review
Characteristic of the sample | n | Study |
|---|---|---|
Infants/toddlers’ category of age | ||
Infant (0–12 months) | 3 | 63, 69, 71 |
Toddler (13–35 months) | 3 | 60, 62, 70 |
Pre-schoolers (3–5 years) | 3 | 68, 72, 75 |
Mixed ages | 1 | 61 |
Country of father’s origins | ||
USA | 9 | 61–63, 68–72, 75 |
Italy | 1 | 60 |
Fathers’ Race/Ethnic background | ||
Majority European American | 6 | 61, 63, 68–71 |
Mixed | 3 | 62, 72, 75 |
Not applicable/available (N/A) | 1 | 60 |
Fathers’ education | ||
Majority university | 5 | 60, 61, 68, 70, 71, |
Mixed (i.e., no formal education, primary, secondary, university) | 4 | 63, 69, 72, 75, |
N/A | 1 | 62 |
Fathers’ socioeconomic status (SES) | ||
Middle | 4 | 68, 70, 71, 75 |
Low | 1 | 62 |
Mixed SES (i.e., a mix of lower, middle, and upper SES) | 3 | 61, 63, 69 |
N/A | 2 | 60, 72 |
Fathers’ category of age | ||
Mixed ages (i.e., range 14–63 years) | 5 | 61–63, 68, 69 |
Young adults (18–35 years) | 3 | 60, 70, 71 |
Age data not indicated | 2 | 72, 75 |
Mother and father living together | ||
Yes | 6 | 61, 63, 68–71 |
Mix (i.e., parents living and not living together) | 3 | 62, 72, 75 |
Fathers’ marital status | ||
Married | 1 | 61 |
Married or cohabiting | 2 | 70, 71 |
Majority married | 3 | 62, 72, 75 |
Majority married or cohabiting | 2 | 68, 69 |
N/A | 2 | 60, 63 |
Parents’ sexual orientation | ||
Heterosexual | 3 | 60, 69, 70 |
N/A | 7 | 61–63, 68, 71, 72, 75 |